Parallel distributed arithmetic (PDA)-based structures are widely used for high-speed computation of inner product in digital signal processing (DSP) applications. In this article, we have proposed novel PDA-based structures based on an efficient truncation model. To achieve higher bit saving with relatively less truncation error, we present here a novel approach using approximate look-up tables (LUTs), adder trees (ATs), and Wallace-like shift-AT (SAT) with truncated operands to obtain hardware-efficient fixed-width PDA-based inner-product structures. We have three variants of proposed structures based on the proposed truncation approach. We find that the proposed inner-product structure-1 using approximate LUT (ALUT) and approximate AT offers nearly 20% higher bit saving, 20% saving in area-delay product (ADP) and offers relatively less truncation error than the existing structures. The proposed structure-2 using ALUT, ATs, and proposed SAT offers nearly 50% higher bit-saving, 61% ADP saving and offers nearly the same accuracy compared to the existing approximate DA-based structures. Proposed structure-3 offers nearly 60% higher bit saving and calculates outputs with almost the same or marginally less accuracy than the existing structures for higher coefficient word lengths.
Software Implementation:
Modelsim
Xilinx
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An Efficient Parallel DA-Based Fixed-Width Design for Approximate Inner-Product Computation